On the ancient wall encircling Yenan he had inscribed in charcoal:

Self-reliance, Adequate Clothing, and Enough to Eat!

Develop the Economy and Provide for Military Defense!

By Self-sufficiency, We Will Build a Flourishing Border Area in the Northwest!

With a Hoe over One Shoulder and a Rifle over the Other We Will Become Self-sufficient in Production and Protect the Party’s Central Committee!